a technique for avoiding disturbing rounding errors in low-resolution digital type; the type designer pre-determines the position of points or dimensions of certain features, such as thickness of stems or of counters.
What is letterspacing/tracking? How do you track in Illustrator or InDesign
the distance between letters; increasing or decreasing the distance between the letters for an entire passage of text rather than between specific pairs; you can edit the tracking in the character palette
Define Kerning? Name 8 kerning pairs. How do you kern in InDesign or Illustrator?
the placement of characters in a typeface in relation to each other; this is different for each typeface and the designer must define the optimal distance between pairs of letters; can greatly influence the quality of a typeface; you can edit the kerning in the character palette
What is wordspacing?
the space between two words; a designer incorporates the default word space in a typeface; about a fourth to a third of an em-space
Explain DIN
fixed formats used for paper size; normalized DIN A sizes are usually the starting point for paper sizes for printed matter; the sizes of the sheets of paper that are supplied by paper manufacturers are based on DIN A sizes, with a bit added for trimming, the gripper margin of the printing press and the finish; DIN B ad C sizes are also used
What is a baseline grid?
an imaginary grid upon which type sits; the baseline of a piece of type can be forced to 'snap' to this grid to maintain continuity across the pages of design
How many characters per line is optimal? Is there a range?
optimal words per line is 40-80
Define aesthetic text alignment (optically hanging punctuation).
hanging punctuation controls the alignment of the punctuation marks for a specific paragraph; paragraph alignment determines the margin from which the punctuation hangs
What is a typographic river?
typically occur in justified text blocks when the separation of the words leaves gaps of white space in several lines
What is a widow?
a lone word at the end of a paragraph
What is an orphan?
the final one or two lines of a paragraph separated from the main paragraph to form a new column, and should be avoided at all costs
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